700 BCE - 500 CE
Much more civilized
As the world's population grew, farming and trade expanded and civilizations emerged in different parts of the world-around the Eastern Mediterranean, in Persia, India, and China. By 500 CE, most of the world's major religions, except Islam, had been founded. New skills and technologies allowed artits, poets, architects, and thinkers to be creative in new ways. Many of the things we now take for granted, such as coins, paper, drama, sport, philosophy, snd mathematics, first came into being during what is now known as the Classical Age.
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700-600 BCE
689 BCE
Babylon sacked
Assyria was still the dominant civilization in Mesopotamia after its armies destroyed the city of Babylon. During the reign of Ashurbanipal (ruled 668-627 BCE), Assyria even conquered Egypt, but its empire had collapsed by 612 BCE.
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King Ashurbanipal is shown here helping to rebuild a temple in Babylon.
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Mysterious Etruscans
The Etruscans of northern Italy lived in cities and built elaborate tombs. They left many beautiful objects, such as this head overland with gold. However, their written script is difficult to decipher, so they remain a mystery.
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First emperor
According to legend, Jimmu became the first emperor of Japan in 660 BCE. He was said to be descended from Amaterasu, the Japanese goddess of the Sun.
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685-668 BCE
After the Greek city-state of Sparta crushed the neighbouring land of Messenia, Sparta forced the Messenians to become slaves (helots). But the helots outnumbered the Spartans.The risk of a revolt turned Sparta into a military state ruled by two kings and a Council of Elders.
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Killer looks
Beneath their bronze helmets, Spartan soldiers wore their hair long to appear more ferocious. Their tunics were dyed red to hide any bloodstains.
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Battle- ready troops
Sparta became the strongest military power in Greece. Sparta never bothered to build defences against invaders. Its strength lay in its formidable army. All adult male Spartans were full-time soldiers, ready to fight for their city at any time.
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660 BCE
First use of coins
The world's first true coins were produced in the kingdom of Lydia in Anatolia (Turkey). They were made of electrum, a mixture of gold and silver. Before this, metal bars and ingots (blocks) were used for money. Coins were more portable, and the Greek city-states around the Mediterranean quickly adopted the idea.
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621 BCE
Draco's laws
A man called Draco gave Athens, Greece. its first set of laws. Because he prescribed the death penalty for nearly every crime, his name lives on - harsh laws have come to be described as "draconian"
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616 BCE
King of Rome
Tarquinius Priscus, who was an Etruscan by origin, became the fifth, Romulus, was said to rule from 753 to 716 BCE).
Tarquinius Priscus won a series of battles over the neighbouring tribes of Sabines, Latins, and Etruscans to make Rome the most important power in central Italy.
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600 BCE
African round-trip
According to the historian Herodotus, writing 160 years later, the Egyptian Pharaoh Necho II sent a Phoenician fleet to explore the east coast of Africa. The Phoenicians were trader from Lebanon, admired for their seafaring know-how. Their ships sailed on round the tip of Africa into the Atlantic, reaching the Mediterranean Sea three years later.
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When a Scythian leader died, his wife, servants, and horses were sacrificed. They were buried in a circle around his body.
History Year by Year/Peter Chrisp, Joe Fullman, Susan Kennedy
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