گزارش سال ۲۰۰۲ کميسيون حقوق بشر سازمان ملل متحد

در باره وضعيت حقوق بشر در ايران

بخش مربوط به آذری های ايران

(به زبان های فارسی - ترکی آذری و انگليسی)

- ترجمه بخش مربوط به آذری های ايران از گزارش سال ۲۰۰۲ کميسيون حقوق بشر سازمان ملل متحد در باره وضعيت حقوق بشر در اين کشور.

۱- بيرلشميش ميللتلر اينسان حاقلاری کوميسييونون ايران داکی اينسان حاقلاری دورومو حاققيندا يايينلاديغی ۲۰۰۲ ايلی راپورونون آذريلرله علاقه لی بلومون ترجومه سی:

اقليت های قومی

ائتنيک آزليقلار

آذری ها

آذريلر

۱۴- مردم ترکی زبان آذربايجان ايران به عنوان بزرگترين اقليت قومی اين کشور شناخته ميشوند و در واقع شايد بزرگترين گروه قومی اين کشور نيز باشند. بنظر می رسد پذيرفته شده است که در حدود دوازده ميليون نفر از آنها در شمال غرب کشور زندگی نموده و در کل ايران شمارشان بالغ بر سی ميليون نفر ميباشد. اظهار ميشود که آذريها هزاران سال است که در فلات ايران زندگی نموده و ورود آنها به منطقه پيشتر از ورود طوايف فارس ميباشد.

۱۴- ايرانين آذربايجان تورکی سينده دانيشان خالقی (آذريلر) الکه نين ان بيوک ائتنيک آزليغی اولاراق تانينير و دوغرودان دا بو خالقين الکه نين ان بيوک ائتتيک قوروبو اولماسی مومکوندور. اونلاردان ۱۲ ميليون نفرينين الکه نين شيمال-غربينده ياشاديغی و بوتولوکده الکه ده ساييلارينين ۳۰ ميليونا دک چيخابيلدييينين قبول اولوندوغو گرونور. آذريلرين ايران دوزلويونده مين ايللر بويونجا ياشاديقلاری و بو بلگه يه گليشلرينين

فارسلاردان داها قاباق اولدوغو ايدديعا ائديلير.

۱۵- شکاياتی که برای نماينده ويژه آورده شده اند به کاربرد زبان آذری و شتاب گرفتن منظر ناخوشايند آسيميلاسيون فرهنگ آذری مربوط ميشوند. (نگاه کنيد به ضميمه سه) به طور مشخص تر آذريها خواستار آموزش ترکی آذربايجانی اصيل در نواحی ای که آذريها اکثريت اهالی را تشکيل ميدهند؛ توليد و پخش برنامه های راديو تلويزيونی به ترکی آذربايجانی معيار؛ اختصاص يک کانال تلويزيون برای پخش برنامه ها به زبان ترکی؛ ايجاد مدارس و دانشگاههای زبان و ادبيات ترکی آذربايجانی در سراسرايران (در حاليکه زبان ترکی آذربايجانی در تبريز تدريس نميشود هفت زبان ديگر در اين دانشگاه تدريس ميشود) و تسهيل در امر ايجاد مراکز فرهنگی آذربايجانی ميباشند.

۱۵- خوصوصی تمثيلچی يه گتيريلن شيکايتلر آذری ديلينين ايشله ديلمه سی و آذری کولتورونو اريتمه نين خوشا گلمز يئيين له شمه پروسپئکتی ايله ايلگيليدير (باخين علاوه اوچ ه) داها دا کونکرئت اولاراق آذريلر چوخلوغو اولوشدوردوقلاری بلگه لرين مکتبلرينده فارسجا ايله ياناشي دوزگون آذربايجان تورکجه سينين ارگه ديلمه سي رادييو و تئلئويزييون دا دوزگون آذربايجان تورکجه سينده وئريليشلرين آپاريلماسي بير تئلئويزييون کانالينين تورکجه يايينلار اوچون آيريلماسي ايرانين بوتون بيليم يوردلاريندا آذربايجان تورک ديلی و ادبيياتی بلوملرينين آچيلماسی (تبريزاونيوئرسيته سينده ۷ يابانچی ديل ارگه ديلرکن آذربايجان تورکجه سينين ا رگه ديلمه دييی آنلاشيشميشدير) و آذربايجان تورک کولتور مرکزلری قورولماسينين آسانلاشديريلماسينی طلب ائديرلر.

۱۶- همچنين گزارشات واصله به نماينده ويژه به آزار و اذيت فعالان فرهنگی آذربايجان همچون دکتر محمودعلی چهرگاني که وضعيت ايشان توسط نماينده ويژه در گزارش پيشين کميسيون حقوق بشر شرح داده شده و مسئله زندانی شدن وی موضوع گزارش فوری نماينده کميسيون حقوق بشر به دولت ايران بود اشاره دارد. وی از آن تاريخ آزاد شده است. نماينده ويژه کپی نامه های سرگشاده به امضای گروههای مختلفی از شخصيت های آذربايجانی مانند نمايندگان مجلس نويسندگان و شاعران را دريافت کرده است که در آن خواستار برخورد عادلانه دولت با فرهنگ آذری ميباشند.

۱۶- خوصوصی تمثيلچييه چاتان بيانات بير ده در. محمود علی چهرگانی کيمی آذری مدنييت آکتيويستلرين اينجيديلمه لری و حبسه آتيلمالارينا دئينيبلر. در. محمود چهرگانينين دورومو خوصوصی تمثيلچينين گئچن راپورلاريندا آچيقلانميش و دوستاق ائديلمه سی حوکومته سونولان عاجيل تقديماتلا رين مووضوعو ايدی. در. چهرگانی او واختدان بری بيراخيلميشدير. خوصوصی تمثيلچي حوکومتين آذری کولتورو ايله علاقه لی عدالتلی داورانماسی نی طلب ائدن چئشيدلی آذری شخصييت لر او جومله دن مجليس ميللت وکيللري يازار و شاعيرلر طرفيندن پرئزيدئنته خطابن يازيلميش آچيق مکتوبلار آلميشدير.

در اين نامه ها ايشان رئيس جمهور را به اجرای وظيفه در مورد وعده های انتخاباتی آزاديهای فرهنگی دعوت کرده، از اهانتها و تحقيرهای فرهنگی و قومی توسط رسانه های دولتی شکايت و عملی ساختن مواد ۱۵ و ۱۹ قانون اساسی را خواستار شده اند.

اونلار مکتوبلاريندا پرئزيدئنتی سئچيم عرفه سينده مدنی آزادليق لارلا ايلگيلی وئردييی اويقولانمايان سزلرين يئرينه گتيريلمه سی اوچون وظيفه يه چاغيرميش د ولت مئدييا قايناقلاريندا مدنی و ائتنيک آشاغيلانما و سيوشلردن شيکايت ائتميش و آناياسانين ۱۵ و ۱۹ ونجو مادده لرينين اويقولانماسينی طلب ائتميشلر.

ضميمه سوم

اک اوچ

گزارشات مربوط به وضعيت آذريها

آذريلرين دورومو حاققينداکی تقديمات

ليست زيرين ليست شکايات مشخصی است که نماينده ويژه دريافت نموده است:

آشاغيداکی ليست خوصوصی تمثيلچينين آلديغی کونکرئت شيکايتلرين ليستی دير:

انکار مختاريت فرهنگی

- مدنی موختارييتين دانيلماسی.

اذيت آزار و زندانی نمودن فعالان فرهنگی

- مدنی آکتيويست لرين اينجيديلمه لري دوستاق ائديلمه لری

قدغن نمودن کاربرد زبان آذری در مدارس

- آذری ديلينين مکتبلرده ايشله ديلمه سينين ياساقلانماسی.

کاربرد زبانی هيبريد(آميخته) فارسی-آذری در راديو و تلويزيون بجای زبان خالص آذری

- رادييو تئلئويزييوندا چيلخا آذريجه يئرينه آذری-فارس قارما-قاريشيق بير ديلين ايشله ديلمه سی.

تدريس اين آموزه در مدارس که پيدايش مردم ايران با ورود طوايف فارس به منطقه آغاز شده و اينکه خلق آذری ايرانيان آريايی ای ميباشد که زبانشان در زمان مغولها و به زور تغيير داده شده است.

- مکتبلرده ايران خالقی دوغوشونون فارس طايفالارين گليشی ايله باشلاديغي آذری خالقينين ايرانلی آريياليلار ا ولدوقلاری و ديللرينين موغوللارين گلمه سيندن سونرا زورلا دييشديريلدييی نين ارگه ديلمه سی.

تغيير و يا تحريف نامهای جغرافيايی آذری

- آذری جوغرافی آدلارينين دييشديريلمه سی ويا تحريف ائديلمه سی.

عدم ثبت اسامی کودکان به زبان آذری

- اوشاقلارا وئريلن آذری آدلارين رد ائديلمه سی.

۲- بخش مربوط به گروههای قومی و دينی ايران از گزارش سال ۲۰۰۲ کميسيون حقوق بشر سازمان ملل متحد در باره وضعيت حقوق بشر در اين کشور.

۲

- بيرلشميش ميللتلر اينسان حاقلاری کوميسييونون ايران داکی اينسان حاقلاری دورومو حاققيندا يايينلاديغی ۲۰۰۲

 ايلی راپورونون دينی و ائتنيک قوروبلارلا علاقه لی بلومو:

Report on the situation of human rights in the Islamic

Economic and Social Council

Distr. GENERAL

E/CN.۴/۲۰۰۲/۴۲ ۱۶ January ۲۰۰۲

Original: ENGLISH

COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS

Cifty-eighth session

Item ۹ of the provisional agenda

QUESTION OC THE VIOLATION OC HUMAN RIGHTS AND CUNDAMENTAL CREEDOMS IN ANY PART OC THE WORLD

Report on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran,

prepared by the Special Representative of the Commission on

Human Rights, Mr. Maurice Danby Copithorne, pursuant to

Commission resolution ۲۰۰۱/۱۷

B. Religious minorities

In recent reports (for example A/۵۶/۲۷۸ of ۱۰ August ۲۰۰۱) the Special Representative has noted the establishment of the National Committee for the Promotion of the Rights of Religious Minorities. There are many issues this Committee needs to address, including that of diyah (see paras. ۳۴۳۷) and the refusal to accept the devolution of property by inheritance to nonMuslims, where there are Muslim beneficiaries. The Special Representative awaits a report that this Committee is in fact functioning.

Sunnis

In earlier reports, the Special Representative has described the complaints of the Sunnis about the discrimination they face (see for example his interim report to the General Assembly A/۵۶/۲۷۸, paras. ۷۴۷۵). He would recall his earlier comment that underdevelopment seems to coincide with those areas of the country in which Sunnis are in the majority.

The Special Representative has now received an allegation of Government control over Sunni theological teaching in Kurdistan through an organization called "Great Islamic Centre in the West", located in Sanandaj. All Sunni students reportedly have to register with the Centre and the Government determines the place of teaching, the subjects, the number of students and the salaries of the teachers. Such matters should clearly be in the hands of the Sunnis themselves.

Bahais

It has been possible in the past year or so to discern some hopeful signs concerning the treatment of the unrecognized minorities, especially the Bahais. These signs have included the commutation of death sentences (see annex II), the release of prisoners and the ۱۹۹۹ decision of the Expediency Council declaring that "all Iranians enjoy the rights of citizenship irrespective of their belief", followed by measures removing the requirement of declaring ones religious affiliation when registering a marriage or the birth of a child or applying for a passport overseas. The Special Representative also welcomes the statements by Iranian representatives in international forums (the International Labour Organization, June ۲۰۰۰, and the Committee on the Rights of the Child, May ۲۰۰۰), that their Government is concerned to provide for the rights of all citizens, including those who are members of nonrecognized minorities.

However, no further progress has come to the Special Representatives attention. He understands that the Bahai community continues to be subject to harassment and discrimination in the areas of, inter alia, education, employment, travel, housing and the enjoyment of cultural activities. Seven members of the Bahai community remain in prison, apparently because of their faith, and Bahai property continues to be subject to confiscation (see annex II).

In his interim report to the General Assembly (A/۵۶/۲۷۸, paras. ۷۶۷۸), the Special Representative reported that, as a complex has been built over the old Bahai cemetery in Tehran, the Iranian authorities had allotted other land for this purpose. It is now reported that the land offered is in fact wasteland, with no access to water. Curther, the community has been denied permission to mark individual graves or to construct mortuary facilities.

Also of concern is the sentence issued by a judge of the Supreme Office of Control and Review, Hamzih Khalili, on ۱۵ September ۲۰۰۱, in the context of an appeal by the Muslim owners of property rented to the Bahais that was confiscated in ۱۹۹۸. According to an unofficial translation to which the Special Representative has had access, the verdict declares that the "seizure and confiscation of the properties belonging to the misguided sect of Bahaism is legally and religiously justifiable" and states that "the cultural activities of the misguided sect of Bahaism as prescribed by the order of His Excellency the Supreme Leader do need to be seriously opposed". This would seem to indicate that the ۱۹۹۱ memorandum on "The Bahai Question", issued by the Supreme Revolutionary Cultural Council and approved by the Supreme Leader, is still in force and therefore that discrimination against Bahais continues to be official practice, a situation the Special Representative deeply deplores.

The Special Representative wishes to reiterate his appeal to the Government of Iran to implement his outstanding recommendations (A/۵۳/۴۲۳ of ۲۳ September ۱۹۹۸, para. ۴۵), as well as those of the Special Rapporteur on religious intolerance (see E/CN.۴/۱۹۹۶/۹۵/Add.۲ of ۹ Cebruary ۱۹۹۶).

Christians

It is difficult to obtain a reliable estimate of the number of Christians in Iran. A major complication is the mixing of ethnicity with religious affiliation. Estimates of the nonethnic Christians, that is, leaving aside the Armenians and Assyrians, vary from several thousand to as high as ۱۵,۰۰۰. The Armenians and Assyrians are recognized as official religious minorities, that is, as Christians. It is a status that assigns them, along with the Jews and the Zoroastrians, secondclass citizenship.

However, their lot is considerably better than that of the unrecognized, that is, the nonethnic Christians. These are those groups of Christians who are for the most part ethnic Persians. Evangelical Christians such as members of the Assemblies of God have been harshly persecuted over the years, apparently on the grounds that they have been or might be proselytizing. Some of them are said to have been convicted of apostasy. Some have been sentenced to death and a few have been executed. The Special Representative has been informed that only three small Persianspeaking churches may remain in operation and that they have had to agree not to evangelize Muslims. The printing of Christian literature is prohibited and Christian bookstores are banned. A number of Christian activists have reportedly fled the country.

In the Special Representatives opinion, the situation of the Christians, particularly the nonethnic Christians, does not seem to have improved since the ۱۹۹۶ report of the Special Rapporteur on religious intolerance on his visit to Iran (E/CN.۴/۱۹۹۶/۹۵/Add.۲). The Special Representative again calls on the Government to implement the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on religious intolerance.

Yaresan

In the south of the area inhabited by the Kurds, there is a little known community called variously the Yaresan or "Al Haq". According to one scholarly writer, the Yaresan are Kurds who practise an apparent form of Zoroastrianism or Yezidism (the only uniquely Kurdish religion), but are labelled Muslems because they adopted several superficial features, including veneration of Ali, the fourth Caliph.

The Special Representative has received representations from members of this community concerning local discrimination, both official and social, apparently based on their religion.

The Special Representative has received only limited firsthand evidence of the treatment of this community. However, its existence seems to be widely accepted and its treatment to be consistent with the evidence he has received from other nonShiah communities. The Special Representative urges the Government to recognize the existence of the Yaresan, to prevent discriminatory practices against them and to include their representatives in the National Religious Minorities Commission.

C. Ethnic minorities

The Azeris

The Azerbaijan Turkicspeaking people of Iran (the Azeris) are recognized as the largest ethnic minority and may indeed be the largest ethnic group in the country. It appears to be accepted that about ۱۲ million of them live in the northwest and that in the country as a whole there may be as many as ۳۰ million. It is asserted that the Azeris have lived on the Iranian plateau for thousands of years and that they predate the entry of Persian tribes to the area.

The complaints brought to the Special Representative concern the use of the Azeri language and that the unwelcome prospect of Azeri cultural assimilation is accelerating (see annex III). More particularly, Azeris are asking for the teaching of "proper" Azerbaijani Turkish along side Persian in schools in regions predominantly inhabited by Azeris, production in and the broadcasting of "proper" Azerbaijani Turkish on radio and television, the allocation of one television channel for Turkish language broadcasting, the creation of schools of Azerbaijan Turkish language and literature at universities throughout Iran (it is noted that while Azerbaijani Turkish is not taught at the University of Tabriz, seven other languages are taught) and the facilitation of the creation of Azerbaijani Turkish cultural centres.

The representations reaching the Special Representative also refer to harassment and imprisonment of Azeri cultural activists, such as Dr. Mehmud Ali Chehregani, whose circumstances were described by the Special Representative in earlier reports and whose imprisonment was the subject of urgent representations by the Special Representative to the Government. He has since been released. The Special Representative has received copies of open letters to the President signed by various groups of Azeri personalities, such as members of the Majilis and writers and poets, demanding fair treatment for Azeri culture. Their letters have taken the President to task for unimplemented campaign promises on cultural freedom; they complain of "cultural and ethnic insults and humiliation" from government media sources and they invoke article ۱۵ and article ۱۹ of the Constitution.

The Kurds

The Special Representative has in several reports discussed the status of the Kurds. He recognizes the difficulty of capturing the real situation in such matters as the treatment of minorities without access to the regions concerned. The challenge of distinguishing local incidents from broader trends may be also more formidable in this context.

In his interim report to the General Assembly (A/۵۶/۲۷۸, paras. ۸۲۸۴), the Special Representative identified a number of indictors that conditions may be improving for the Kurds. More recent information suggests that on balance, discrimination and repression continue to exist. A number of specific allegations are set out in annex IV.

In the political sphere, perhaps the most dramatic event was the attempted, and in the event withdrawn, collective resignation in October ۲۰۰۱ of all six members of the Majilis from the province of Kurdistan. In a letter to the Interior Minister, the six said "unfortunately, Kurdistan province and the Kurds, especially Sunnis, are denied their legitimate rights, and executive officials are turning their backs to calls for justice on the political, economic, cultural and social issues they have brought out". Late in ۲۰۰۰, a Kurdish member of the Majilis had publicly alleged the existence of "a campaign of repression and serial killings" against the Kurdish community.

Annex III

Representations concerning the status of the Azeris